Blue Meanie Mushroom
Panaeolus cyanescens is part of the Panaeolus genus. The mushroom species belonging to this species are typically small, possess black spores, and typically develop on dirt. However, there are exceptions to the rule that all Panaeolus contain Psilocybin. This is something we'll discuss in the following article. The Panaeolus genus includes thirteen species that can produce the psilocybin molecule, including Panaeolus Cy and Panaeolus Cinctulus. Panaeolus mushrooms are known as "mottlegills" because of the irregular patches or spots of color that appear on their gills.
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Blue Meanie Mushroom |
There's a second aspect to note regarding this particular species: Panaeolus is a mushroom species with many names. There are so many it isn't easy to know the correct name for this specific species is a challenge. Let's look at the basics; the title "Panaeolus" is a Greek that refers to "all different," descriptive of the fungal spores' visible texture. The name of the species"cyanescens" is derived from "cyaneus," meaning blue because of the blue color that the flesh takes on after the bruising.
Popular culture has it that Panaeolus and cyanescens are "Blue Meanies." There is a rumor that the name Panaeolus cyanescens was coined in honor of"Blue Meanies" from the Blue Meanies from The Beatles' psychedelic classic movie "Yellow Submarine." According to Gartz, "Blue Meanies" was first coined in Australia. Apart from "Gold Tops," "Blue Meanies" is one of the more commonly used descriptions of psilocybin-containing mushrooms--a strain of Psilocybe cubensis is also called "Blue Meanies."
However, the confusion over names does not end there. Taxonomists might recognize this particular mushroom's former name, which is now as a synonym, Copelandia cyanescens. As if the situation wasn't complicated enough, Panaeolus Cyescens is often confused with a different psychoactive mushroom called Psilocybe Cyanescens. Both are abbreviated similarly, namely P. Cyenscens. However, the two species are entirely different. The first one is a fan of dung, and the other is wood-loving. (Although both have similar levels of Psilocybin.) Additionally, this mushroom is known as "Pan Cyan" because of its modern Latin name.
The taxonomic puzzles started in the early days of this mushroom. It was first reported by the authorities of Sri Lanka as Agaricus cyanescens by Berkeley and Broome in 1871. In the following years, it was named in the work of Bresadola of the Philippines, who identified it as Copelandia papilionacea. It was later called Copelandia cyanescens after Singer in 1951. Finally, the species was named Panaeolus Cyanescens in the name of Saccardo in 1887. It is the official name for it. Unfortunately, the Genus Copelandia was deemed deprecated, so it's no more valid.
Panaeolus cyanescens is believed to be a genus that originated in Asia. It is a member of the family of Coprinaceae, which is the same family that includes the more common fungus Coprinus comatus, also known as "Lawyers' hair." But, mushrooms belonging to the Panaeolus genus are unique. The gills of Panaeolus will not completely disappear (deliquesce), unlike the members of the closely related genera Coprinellus and Coprinopsis that are thought of as akin to.
Blue Meanies Mushroom Identification mushrooms
When in the wild, Panaeolus Cynescens tend to appear light grey or off-white in maturation. The caps are light brown as they grow and eventually fade to light grey or off-white. They may also have the appearance of brownish or yellowish. They are also known as caps. (pileus) are about 0.5 to two centimeters in diameter. They are initially at the hemispheric level and then expand into convexity. (campanulate) or convex. The margin of the cap is curved when it is young. The caps can be a little hydrophobic and lose color when they dry out, frequently creating cracks during dry weather.
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Blue Meanie Mushroom |
The gills feature a broad connection to adnexed and adnate. To make these terms more straightforward, An adnate attachment means the gills are mainly attached to the stem. The term adnexed refers to only a small amount. The gills of the Panaeolus cyanescens species are too grey or black and exhibit a spotty, cloudy, or speckled appearance because spores mature into tiny patches on the surface of the gill. Different patches become darker at other times, creating the impression of being mottled. As the spores age, they turn black. All species, except Panaeolus foenisecii, are jet black in their print of spores.
Stem (stipe) generally measures 7-12 centimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters thick. The width is similar along its length and is slightly more prominent at the bottom. Its stem color is similar to the cap and then covered in very fine powder. The mushrooms possess a flour-like (farinaceous) flavor and smell. As with other psilocybin-containing fungi, the mushrooms bruise greenish or blue when damaged. This coloration can be observed at the top of the stem or stems of Blue Meanies mushrooms.
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Where Do Blue Meanies Mushrooms Grow?
Panaeolus Cyescens is a subtropical and tropical species. In low areas, they grow all year round. They bloom from late spring until the end of autumn in subtropical regions based on rainfall and humidity. They're found in temperate zones during the wet and humid summer months. Meanies of blue Meanies tend to grow on horse or cattle dung in fields and pastures. They are being found in groups and singly. They are visible in spring and during the rainy seasons.
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Blue Meanie Mushroom |
Their distribution within their range in the United States is from Florida and also along their Gulf Coast, where it is a year-round fruit on "cow pie." However, it is believed that they were brought into other countries via moving livestock. For example, it is believed that Panaeolus cyanescens originated in the Hawaiian islands Hawaii in the 1800s when cattle were brought in into the Philippines. Today, they are found in the subtropical and tropical zones of the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. Additionally, Blue Meanies mushrooms are typically located within Mexico, South America (Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru), Eastern Australia, India, Bali, Southeast Asia, South Africa, France, and Italy.
Is Panaeolus Related to Psilocybe?
Psilocin is thought to shield the growing fruit body from predation, either by an adverse effect on the nervous system of predators or altering their ability to consume. Predation reduction is an ecological advantage. In the close interaction with Psilocybe, the Panaeolus also can guard themselves by Psilocybin.
However, not all Panaeolus species. Contain the psychoactive compound Psilocybin. The Panaeolus species is not connected to Psilocybe. A species of Panaeolus may have lost the ability to make Psilocybin, or something is happening. It is believed that a certain Panaeolus species acquired the capacity to produce Psilocybin by "horizontal genetic transfer." Bacteria may have advantageous genetic material shared. However, it is not uncommon for this to occur between fungi and bacteria. Because they share the same habitat and frequently similar substrates, due to this close contact and a little magic of the bacterium--the ability to make Psilocybin was passed from a genus that developed the capability to create the psilocybin molecule to another which didn't.
Panaeolus cyanescens Potency
Albert Hofmann analyzed Panaeolus cyanescens, also named Copelandia Crescent, in the 1960s, shortly after revelations of "intoxications" due to dung-loving fungi that originated from southern France. Hofmann observed psilocin in greater concentrations when analyzing the bodies that produced fruit, but there was only a small amount of Psilocybin. While the source of these samples was a mystery to Hofman, their real source was eventually revealed. They were derived from the waste of horses purchased from Indonesia to compete in a race for horses.
As we've mentioned before, this species is extremely powerful. Its effects Blue Meanies mushrooms can occur quickly due to greater psilocin levels than Psilocybin. The Panaeolus Cyanescens fungus is usually claimed to have up to three times as strong as cubensis. However, there isn't much research evidence supporting assertions of the strength of these fungi species. Erowid states that these fungi contain Psilocybin and Psilocin levels of 0.5 up to 2.95 percent of dry weight. Stivje in 1992 found that they varied in their power 0.17 and 0.95 percent psilocin, and 0.16 and 0.19 percent of Psilocybin! Psilocybe cubensis, by contrast, has been found to contain concentrations of psilocin and psilocin in the range of 0.14 and 0.42 percent, respectively. 0.37 up to 1.30 percentage dry weight respectively.
How To Grow Panaeolus Cyescens
You can grow Blue Meanies mushrooms, but they're known to be more difficult to grow than Psilocybe cubensis. In a suitable climate, they can be cultivated outside. They can also be cultivated indoors with the correct installation, but they require plenty of attention and care. Therefore, they are considered to be intermediate or advanced projects. Having had success in cubensis is a must before growing Blue Meanies.
As with any cultivation of mushrooms, it is possible that a few unsuccessful attempts could occur. First, however, you must be persistent. Panaeolus Cyanescens aren't growing like cubensis. They generally require two times as long before forming pins, after exposure of the mycelium's surface to conditions for fruiting. The longer they take for the mushrooms to develop, the greater the chance of contamination. Thus cleanliness is a crucial element of cultivation for this particular mushroom species. It is also suggested to be familiar with the use of layering casings.
If you are attempting to hunt for any mushroom, it's crucial to identify the species that look like it. The "lookalike" type of mushroom is one type of mushroom that could be confused with the target species. The most commonly used species with a lookalike comprise Protostropharia semiglobata Conocybe Spp. and perhaps Deconica spp. Other species include Pholiotina rugosa as well as Tubaria furfuracea.
With Panaeolus, some of the most popular lookalikes may be Panaeolus in that they all appear similar. Panaeolus antillarumfor instance, is a macroscopically related mushroom, which was previously believed to be a different species. The Panaeolus Antillarum species has more of a cap that is thicker and lighter in the shade. There are a few easy ways to differentiate the two species apart. Although it isn't a foolproof method to distinguish between the two, the bluing reaction in Psilocybin can be a helpful indicator. Panaeolus Cyescens also has dark purple or black spores.
Galerina is not like it, but it is vital to be aware since it can be fatal when eaten. Luckily, it is different conditions, and this poisonous mushroom prefers decaying the moss and wood to dung. It has an orange/rusty spore print and an orange-to-dark brown stem instead of the white/grey stem that smudges blue-green as Panaeolus Crescent. A different type, Pholiotina rugosa, located within the Pacific Northwest, is also significant; the spores range from orange to brown. Both species are believed to have amatoxins similar to the toxins found within Death Caps (Amanita Phalloides.)
Certain species considered to be lookalikes can grow across different kinds of soils. Tubaria furfuracea, for instance, is identical to Blue Meanies mushrooms, but it is a wood chip species instead of dung. It has a hygrophanous cap similar to Panaeolus cyanescens and fades in its color. They are more fragile and less flexible than Panaeolus cyanescens. They have the appearance of a light brown to orange print on the spores. Psathyrella is also confused with Panaeolus. This species is found on wood or lignin-rich soils and has a tough stem.
When you go foraging, carry the field guide to your location, and keep several forums in your pocket on your mobile. Shroomery offers its own "Mushrooms hunting and identification" subforum. The app iNaturalist is helpful and provides identifications once photos of species are submitted. There are various Facebook groups to join: Join a local group in the area where you're hunting. The members are aware of similar local species. Examine all mushrooms as you gather them. Try not to pick those that do not meet the criteria. It is also recommended to never trespass and get the owner's permission of the land. An excellent suggestion to give wine bottles or a six-pack of beer could be a great help and could provide further guidance. Also, keep in mind being found in possession of psilocybin-containing mushrooms is illegal in most parts of the world.
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